See cel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цэль"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "celo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цель"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "cělʹ",
"word": "цѣль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cilʹ",
"word": "ціль"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цэль"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "celo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цель"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "cělʹ",
"word": "цѣль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cilʹ",
"word": "ціль"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cyl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цэль"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "celo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цель"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "cělʹ",
"word": "цѣль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cilʹ",
"word": "ціль"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "czel"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cyl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "zlw-ocs:cíl<id:aim>",
"id": "aim",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂y-der.?\nProto-Germanic *tiląder.\nProto-West Germanic *tilder.\nOld High German zilder.\nMiddle High German zilbor.\nOld Czech cílbor.\nOld Polish cel",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "cíl"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Czech cíl",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fifteenth century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the fifteenth century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂y-der.?\nProto-Germanic *tiląder.\nProto-West Germanic *tilder.\nOld High German zilder.\nMiddle High German zilbor.\nOld Czech cílbor.\nOld Polish cel\nBorrowed from Old Czech cíl. First attested in the fifteenth century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cel m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "cel m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "cylować"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
87
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 20, 20:",
"text": "A ia trsy strzali wipusczø podle gego y wistrzelyø, iako bich zwikal strzelyacz ku celu (quasi exercens me ad signum)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)"
],
"id": "en-cel-zlw-opl-noun-G1Sia3Zr",
"links": [
[
"target",
"target"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛːlʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲelʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cel"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "cylować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цэль"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "celo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цель"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "cělʹ",
"word": "цѣль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cilʹ",
"word": "ціль"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цэль"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "celo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цель"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "cělʹ",
"word": "цѣль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cilʹ",
"word": "ціль"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cyl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цэль"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "celo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "celʹ",
"word": "цель"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sïal",
"word": "сыал"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "cělʹ",
"word": "цѣль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cilʹ",
"word": "ціль"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "czel"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cyl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "zlw-ocs:cíl<id:aim>",
"id": "aim",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂y-der.?\nProto-Germanic *tiląder.\nProto-West Germanic *tilder.\nOld High German zilder.\nMiddle High German zilbor.\nOld Czech cílbor.\nOld Polish cel",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "cíl"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Czech cíl",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fifteenth century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the fifteenth century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂y-der.?\nProto-Germanic *tiląder.\nProto-West Germanic *tilder.\nOld High German zilder.\nMiddle High German zilbor.\nOld Czech cílbor.\nOld Polish cel\nBorrowed from Old Czech cíl. First attested in the fifteenth century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cel m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "cel m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms borrowed from Old Czech",
"Old Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Old Czech",
"Old Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root deh₂y-",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
87
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 20, 20:",
"text": "A ia trsy strzali wipusczø podle gego y wistrzelyø, iako bich zwikal strzelyacz ku celu (quasi exercens me ad signum)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)"
],
"links": [
[
"target",
"target"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛːlʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲelʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cel meaning in Old Polish (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'cel m animacy unattested' in 'cel m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"cel"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.